THE SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS
Most singular nouns are
made plural by adding -s to the end of the singular form.
Singular and Plural Nouns Examples:
car – cars
bag – bags
table – tables
house – houses
dog – dogs
Nouns Ending in a Sibilant Sound
When a noun ends in a sibilant sound –
/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/ or /dʒ/ – the plural is formed by adding -es, or -s if
the singular already ends in -e.
Singular and Plural Nouns Examples:
kiss – kisses – /ˈkɪsɨz/
dish – dishes – /ˈdɪʃɨz/
witch – witches – /ˈwɪtʃɨz/
judge – judges – /ˈdʒʌdʒɨz/
Nouns Ending in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ | Regular
Plural Nouns
The plural form of some nouns that
end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ is made by changing the ending to -V(es).
Singular and Plural Nouns Examples:
half – halves
hoof – hooves
calf – calves
elf – elves
shelf – shelves
leaf – leaves
loaf – loaves
thief – thieves
wolf – wolves
life – lives
knife – knives
scarf – scarves
wife – wives
Exceptions:
cuff – cuffs
knockoff – knockoffs
chef – chefs
belief – beliefs
roof – roofs
chief – chiefs
Nouns Ending in -o
When a noun ends in “o” preceded by
a consonant, the plural in many cases is spelled by adding -es.
Singular and Plural Nouns Examples:
potato – potatoes
tomato – tomatoes
hero – heroes
echo – echoes
veto – vetoes
domino – dominoes
mosquito – mosquitoes
volcano – volcanoes
Exceptions:
piano – pianos
photo – photos
halo – halos
soprano – sopranos
Nouns that end in ‘o’ preceded by
a vowel are made plural by adding -s.
Examples:
radio – radios
stereo – stereos
video – videos
Nouns Ending in -y | Regular Plural
Nouns
When the ‘y’ follows a consonant,
changing ‘y’ to ‘i’ and adding -es.
Examples:
city – cities
candy – candies
country – countries
family – families
cherry – cherries
lady – ladies
puppy – puppies
party – parties
When the ‘y’ follows a vowel, the plural
is formed by retaining the ‘y’ and adding -s.
Singular and Plural Nouns Examples:
day – days
holiday – holidays
ray – rays
boy – boys
toy – toys
key – keys
donkey – donkeys
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